Category Archives: Uncategorized
Getting Distracted by the Politics of Healthcare
A number of interactions over the past two weeks have convinced me that the political debate over M4A in Congress, amplified by Presidential candidates jockeying for favor with primary voters, is beginning to seriously spook executives across healthcare.
At a health system board meeting in the Southwest last week, a number of physician leaders and board members had questions about the possible timing and dimensions of a shift to “single payer”, clearly convinced that M4A is an inevitability if Democrats take over in 2020. And two separate inbound calls this week, one from the CEO of a regional health system, and the other from a health plan executive, were both sparked by the hearings on M4A in Congress.
Again, the implicit assumption in their questions about timing and impact was the same: M4A, or something like it, is sure to happen if the 2020 elections favors Democrats. My response to all of them: keep an eye on the politics, but don’t get overly distracted. There’s little chance that “single payer” healthcare will come to the US—industry lobbies are simply too powerful to let that happen.
Even if Democrats do win the Senate and the White House in 2020, they’ll have to “govern to the center” to hold onto their majorities, and any major policy shifts will have to be negotiated across the various interests involved. Most likely: measures to strengthen provisions of the ACA, and perhaps a “public option” in the ACA exchanges.
As to Medicare expansion, I believe the most we’d see in a Democratic administration would be a compromise allowing 55- to 65-year-olds to buy into Medicare Advantage plans.
But for now, M4A’s biggest risk to hospitals and doctors is that it becomes a paralyzing distraction, keeping provider organizations from making the strategic and operational changes needed to re-orient care delivery around value.
Regardless of the politics, a focus on delivering value to the consumers of care will prove to be a no-regrets position for providers.
Democrats Draw up their Healthcare Battle Lines
Now that former Vice President Joe Biden has thrown his hat in the ring for the 2020 Presidential race, the healthcare policy differences between moderate and progressive factions of the Democratic party are becoming clearer. On Monday, Biden revealed the broad outlines of his healthcare platform, coming out in favor of a “public option” that would allow Americans to buy into the Medicare program, but would leave the existing employer-sponsored insurance framework largely intact. “If the insurance company isn’t doing right by you, you should have another choice,” Biden said in a campaign rally in Pittsburgh. Although his campaign did not announce details of the proposal, Biden seems to support the idea of offering a Medicare plan to employers and individuals through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces.
As the frontrunner in the primary race, Biden’s support for this more moderate approach to coverage expansion will surely make him the favored candidate of healthcare industry interests, who have come out swinging hard against “Medicare for All” (M4A) proposals.
But his position earned him a swipe from progressive candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), who’s running second among Democrats in early polling. “It doesn’t go anywhere near far enough,” said Sanders of Biden’s proposal, “it will be expensive, [and] it will not cover a whole lot of people.” Sanders instead favors eliminating private insurance altogether and moving quickly toward a single-payer system built around universal Medicare coverage.
As the Presidential race takes shape, expect candidates to orient around one of these two poles: Biden’s moderate approach (O’Rourke, Buttigieg, Klobuchar); and Sanders’s more aggressive position (Warren, Harris, Booker).
Either position will present a stark contrast in the general election, as the Trump administration looks to reinvigorate the effort to strike down the ACA entirely. The 2020 elections are shaping up to be a pivotal moment for healthcare.
The Financial Impact of Medicare for All on Hospitals
With all of the focus on M4A recently, in its many permutations, we’re hearing a growing concern among hospital executives and physician leaders that their economics could be in serious peril. (For more on this, see the below anecdote from “on the road”.) That concern is justified, as you can see from the graphic below.
On the left, we show data on payment-to-cost ratio for hospitals since the start of the 2000s. As you can see, hospitals rely heavily on a cross-subsidy model—Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement covers only 86 to 88 percent of the total cost of inpatient care delivery. Hospitals make up this difference, and generate a positive margin, by negotiating rates for commercially-insured patients that cover almost 145 percent of costs. As health systems have consolidated and built negotiating leverage, that percentage has steadily risen over the past several years, more than offsetting losses on publicly-insured patients.
The problem? Those lucrative commercial patients only account for a third of admissions, as shown at the bottom right. And across the past decade and a half, commercial admissions have dropped by more than 20 percent. In other words, hospitals have been consolidating and raising commercial rates on a declining book of business in order to compensate for underpayment on a growing volume of government-paid cases.
Now imagine that the commercial business disappeared entirely, and you can see what would happen—hospital finances would crater. Under M4A, Medicare rates would have to go up substantially to make up for the lost margin on commercial cases. Even if M4A turned out to be “Medicare Advantage for More”, trading commercial admissions (say, for the 55-65 population) for MA admissions (which are generally paid at Medicare FFS rates), this would create a difficult situation for hospitals.
In our view, this economic reality is not getting discussed enough in the current debate over M4A.
Digging into the details of single-payer healthcare
Click to access 55150-singlepayer.pdf
Digging into the details of single-payer healthcare
Lawmakers on Capitol Hill rolled up their sleeves this week and began to explore what a shift to Bernie Sanders-style “single payer” healthcare would really mean. In a hearing before the House Rules Committee on Tuesday, Congress heard from proponents of M4A and policy experts about the implications of single-payer health coverage, at least as envisioned by a recent bill authored by Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA).
Although the committee does not have direct jurisdiction over Medicare, and Jayapal’s bill may never be introduced onto the floor of the House (since it lacks support from the Democratic leadership there), the hearing gave lawmakers their first chance to publicly probe the proposal, with predictable positions staked out by Democrats and Republicans on the committee.
More hearings are likely later this year, including by the House Budget Committee, which this week received a report it requested from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) on the topic of single-payer healthcare. While the report does not address specific details about the cost or tax implications of a shift to single payer, it nonetheless provides an outstanding primer on the key questions that will have to be answered as part of any serious attempt to pursue M4A.
The graphic below, taken from the CBO document, poses those questions in a clear and helpful way, and the full report lays out a framework for approaching them. It’s a sober look at the hard problems that need to be faced: provider payment levels, increased wait times, public vs. private financing, access to unproven treatments.
Whatever your view on the topic, we’d highly recommend reading the CBO report in full.
Cartoon – The Charles Schulz Philosophy
The following is the philosophy
of Charles Schulz, the creator of the ‘Peanuts’ comic strip.
of Charles Schulz, the creator of the ‘Peanuts’ comic strip.
You don’t have to actually answer the questions. Just ponder on them. Read the e-mail straight through,
and you’ll get the point…
1. Name the five wealthiest people in the world.
2.
Name the last five Heisman trophy winners.
Name the last five Heisman trophy winners.
3.
Name the last five winners of the Miss America pageant.
Name the last five winners of the Miss America pageant.
4.
Name ten people who have won the Nobel or Pulitzer Prize.
Name ten people who have won the Nobel or Pulitzer Prize.
5.
Name the last half dozen Academy Award winners for best actor and actress.
Name the last half dozen Academy Award winners for best actor and actress.
6.
Name the last decade’s worth of World Series winners.
Name the last decade’s worth of World Series winners.
How did you do?
The point is, none of us remember the headliners of yesterday.
These are no second-rate achievers.
They are the best in their fields.
But the applause dies.
Awards tarnish …
Achievements are forgotten.
Accolades and certificates are buried with their owners.
Here’s another quiz. See how you do on this one…
1.
List a few teachers who aided your journey through school.
2.
Name three friends who have helped you through a difficult time.
Name three friends who have helped you through a difficult time.
3.
Name five people who have taught you something worthwhile.
Name five people who have taught you something worthwhile.
4.
Think of a few people who have made you feel appreciated and special.
Think of a few people who have made you feel appreciated and special.
5.
Think of five people you enjoy spending time with.
Think of five people you enjoy spending time with.
Easier?
The lesson:
The people who make a difference in your life are not the ones with the most credentials, the most money…
or the most awards.
They simply are the ones who care the most.
Pass this on to those people whom you keep close in your heart.
“Don’t worry about the world coming to an end today.
It’s already tomorrow in Australia!”
and that my friends is how any normally dull day can be enhanced!!
2019Q1 Healthcare Earnings Roundup
- Universal Health Services, Inc.: The King of Prussia, Pennsylvania-based hospital management company did not meet its earnings per share or revenue expectations.
- CVS Health: CVS Health’s still-pending acquisition of Aetna delivered exceptional financials for the company in Q1.
- Encompass Health: The Birmingham, Alabama-based post-acute care provider attributed its improved revenue metrics to volume and pricing growth.
- Cigna Corp: The Bloomfield, Connecticut-based insurer rebounded with revenues totalling nearly $38 billion in Q1.
- Community Health Systems: The for-profit rural hospital operator produced yet another dismal earnings report.
- Tenet Hospital Corp.: The Dallas-based for-profit hospital operator showed year-over-year improvement on its net losses though revenues slipped to $3.86 billion.
- Teladoc: Once again, the telemedicine company saw its revenues rise alongside with its net loss.
- Molina Healthcare: The Long Beach, California-based insurer’s net income rose to nearly $200 million in Q1, a $91 million bounce year-over-year, prompting the company to boost its year-end guidance.
- Humana: The Louisville-based insurer again raised its earnings per share guidance for 2019, this time due to expected Medicare Advantage growth.
- WellCare Health Plans: The Tampa-based insurer’s net income and total revenues experienced a significant bump compared to Q1 2018.
- HCA Healthcare Inc.: The Nashville-based for-profit hospital operator’s revenues topped $12.5 billion but net income dropped below $1.1 billion.
- Magellan Health: The Scottsdale, Arizona-based for-profit managed care company experienced a horrid Q1 across nearly all financial metrics.
Trump Administration Files Formal Request to Strike Down All of Obamacare
The Trump administration formally declared its opposition to the entire Affordable Care Act on Wednesday, arguing in a federal appeals court filing that the signature Obama-era legislation was unconstitutional and should be struck down.
Such a decision could end health insurance for some 21 million Americans and affect many millions more who benefit from the law’s protections for people with pre-existing medical conditions and required coverage for pregnancy, prescription drugs and mental health.
In filing the brief, the administration abandoned an earlier position — that some portions of the law, including the provision allowing states to expand their Medicaid programs, should stand. The switch, which the administration disclosed in late March, has confounded many people in Washington, even within the Republican Party, who came to realize that health insurance and a commitment to protecting the A.C.A. were among the main issues that propelled Democrats to a majority in the House of Representatives last fall.
The filing was made in a case challenging the law brought by Ken Paxton, the attorney general of Texas, and 17 other Republican-led states. In December, a federal judge from the Northern District of Texas, Reed O’Connor, ruled that the law was unconstitutional.
A group of 21 Democratic-led states, headed by California, immediately appealed, and the case is now before the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans. The House of Representatives has joined the case as well to defend the law.
Democrats wasted no time responding to the filing Wednesday. Xavier Becerra, the attorney general of California, a Democrat, said: “The Trump administration chose to abandon ship in defending our national health care law and the hundreds of millions of Americans who depend on it for their medical care. Our legal coalition will vigorously defend the law and the Americans President Trump has abandoned.”
The government’s brief did not shed light on why it had altered its earlier position, referring only to “further consideration and review of the district court’s opinion.”
Oral arguments in the appeals court are expected in July, with a possible decision by the end of the year, as the 2020 presidential campaign gets going in earnest. Whichever side loses is expected to appeal to the Supreme Court.
The Justice Department’s request to expedite oral arguments, granted last month, suggests that the administration is eager for a final ruling. In its application, it said that “prompt resolution of this case will help reduce uncertainty in the health care sector, and other areas affected by the Affordable Care Act.”
Democrats, seizing on the health law’s popularity and its decisive role in their winning the House last fall, are already using the case as a cudgel against President Trump as his re-election campaign gets started. The law’s guarantee of coverage for people with pre-existing medical conditions, in particular, remains very popular with voters in both parties as well as independents.
But Mr. Trump has appeared undaunted, tweeting in April that “Republicans will always support Pre-Existing Conditions” and that a replacement plan “will be on full display during the Election as a much better & less expensive alternative to Obamacare.”
Instead of providing specifics, though, Mr. Trump, members of his administration and other Republicans have focused on attacking the Medicare for All plans that some Democratic presidential candidates have sponsored or endorsed as a dangerous far-left idea that would, as Mr. Trump tweeted, cause millions of Americans “to lose their beloved private health insurance.”
As the administration and Texas noted in their briefs, Judge O’Connor’s ruling turned on the law’s requirement that most people have health coverage or be subject to a tax penalty.
But in the 2017 tax legislation, Congress reduced that penalty to zero, effectively eliminating it. Judge O’Connor, the plaintiff states, and now the Trump administration reasoned that, like a house of cards, when the tax penalty fell, the so-called individual mandate became unconstitutional and unenforceable. Therefore, the entire law had to fall as well.
Mr. Paxton, the Texas attorney general, whose office also filed a brief on Wednesday, said: “Congress meant for the individual mandate to be the centerpiece of Obamacare. Without the constitutional justification for the centerpiece, the law must go down.”
Whether that position will survive judicial scrutiny is another question. Nicholas Bagley, who teaches health law at the University of Michigan Law School, noted that only two lawyers signed the brief. That is highly unusual in a case with such a high profile, he said.
“This is a testament to the outrageousness of the Justice Department position, that no reasonable argument could be made in the statute’s defense,” Mr. Bagley said. “It is a truly indefensible position. This is just partisan hardball.”
Many legal scholars have also said that even before appellate judges wade into the more obscure pools of legal reasoning, they could reach a decision by addressing the question of congressional intent. If Congress had meant the erasure of the tax penalty to wipe out the entire act, such an argument goes, it would have said so.
If the Fifth Circuit overturns the O’Connor decision, there is no guarantee that the Supreme Court would take an appeal. The court has ruled on two earlier A.C.A. challenges, finding in favor of the act, although narrowing it.
Of course, the composition of the Supreme Court has since changed.
A solid password today keeps the hackers away
With identify theft becoming one of the world’s fastest growing crimes, days like World Password Day are crucial to raising awareness of online threats. I sat down with Jay Overcash, Director of IT Security Strategy, to talk about how people can protect themselves from hackers.
Why is a day like World Password Day so important?
As more and more of our lives move into the digital realm, we rely on authentication to protect our valuable online data and assets. Usernames and passwords remain the predominant method for securing online data. World Password Day is important as it draws attention to the need to adequately protect online data with a strong password.
While today is World Password Day, how often should we evaluate our passwords and consider changing them?
Everyone should evaluate their passwords and consider changing them as least once per year. If you use the same password on multiple websites, then you should consider changing the password more frequently; however, the best advice is to have a unique password per website and application.
What are some best practices when creating or changing a password?
Current guidance by the National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends creating an easy-to-remember password that is long and composed of a series of unrelated words. The minimum recommended password length depends on the sensitivity of the data being protected but it is generally agreed that 8 characters should be the minimum length.
An example of an easy-to-remember password composed of unrelated words is redfootballthreebutterflies. This password does not use any numbers or symbols and is easier for the end user to remember. From a security perspective, the length of 27 characters is exponentially more difficult for a machine to crack, and the unrelated words make it extremely difficult to guess. Even with this long, much more secure password, individuals should change their passwords at least once per year.
How else can people protect themselves online besides staying aware of passwords?
In general, people should always use anti-virus software and not click on links or attachments in emails that appear suspicious. Additionally, users should only download files from trusted websites. One optional item to keep users’ accounts safe is enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) on their accounts. MFA, also referred to as two-step verification, provides a second method for verifying authentication for accounts usually via text message or email notification. Enabling MFA will greatly improve the security of your accounts online.
Given that today is World Password Day, it’s the perfect time to take the pledge to #LayerUp. Add multi-factor authentication and evaluate your current passwords. It could save you a lot of trouble in the future.
The CBO analyzed what it would take to shift to a single-payer system. Here are 5 takeaways
As chatter about “Medicare-for-All” ideas heats up—at least among the field of Democratic presidential hopefuls—the Congressional Budget Office decided to offer its own take.
Well, sort of.
Wednesday, the CBO issued a report that dove into the key considerations policymakers might want to think about before they overhaul the U.S. healthcare into a single-payer system. Putting it mildly, they said, the endeavor would be a “major undertaking.”
They don’t actually offer up specific cost estimates on any of the Medicare-for-All bills floating around, though other researchers put Bernie Sanders’ Medicare-for-All plan at between $32.6 trillion and $38.8 trillion over the first decade.
But the CBO analysts did weigh in on a slew of different approaches to financing, coverage, enrollment and reimbursement that could be built into a single-payer plan.
“Establishing a single-payer system would be a major undertaking that would involve substantial changes in the sources and extent of coverage, provider payment rates and financing methods of healthcare in the United States,” the CBO said.
So what exactly did the CBO have to say about what it would take to create a single-payer system? Here are some key takeaways:
1. There could be a role for private insurance—or not
There has been plenty of heated debate around Medicare for All focused on the role that existing private coverage could—or could not—play in that system. Most insured Americans are enrolled in a private plan today, including about one-third of Medicare beneficiaries.
If they’re allowed, commercial plans could play one of three roles in a single-payer system, according to the report: as supplemental coverage, as an alternative plan or to offer “enhanced” services to members in the government plan.
Allowing private insurers to offer substitutive plans is unlikely, because they could potentially offer broader provider networks or more generous benefits, which would draw people into them. A solution to this issue could be mandating that providers treat a minimum number of patients who are enrolled in a single-payer plan.
Private payers could also offer coverage for care that is traditionally outside of the purview of government programs, such as dental care, vision care and hearing care.
Supplemental plans like these are offered in the existing Medicare program, and several countries with single-payer systems allow this additional coverage.
For example, in England, private plans offer “enhancements” to members of the government plan, including shorter wait times and access to alternative therapies, But members of these plans must pay for it in addition to tax contributions to the country’s National Health Service.
2. Other government programs could stick around
In addition to Medicare and Medicaid, the federal government operates several health programs targeting individual populations: the Veterans Affairs health system, TRICARE and Indian Health Services.
A single-payer system could be designed in a way that also maintains these individualized programs, the CBO said. Canada does this today, where its provinces operate the national system while it offers specific programs outside that for indigenous people, veterans, federal police officers and others.
There could also be a continuing role for Medicaid, according to the report.
“Those public programs were created to serve populations with special needs,” the CBO said. “Under a single-payer system, some components of those programs could continue to operate separately and provide benefits for services not covered by the single-payer health plan.”
On the flip side, though, a single-payer plan could choose to fold members of those programs into the broader, national program as well, the office said.
3. A simplified system could also mean simplified tech
Taiwan’s government-run health system has a robust technology system that can monitor patients’ use of services and healthcare costs in near real-time, according to the report.
Residents are issued a National Health Insurance card that can store key information about them, including personal identifiers, recent visits for care, what prescriptions they use and any chronic conditions they may have. Providers also submit daily data updates to a government databank on service use, which is used to closely monitor utilization and cost. Other technology platforms in Taiwan can track prescription drug use and patients’ medical histories.
However, getting to a streamlined system like this in the U.S. would be bumpy, the CBO said. It would face many of the same challenges the health system is already up against today, such as straddling many federal and state agencies and addressing the needs of both rural and urban providers.
But the payoffs could be significant, according to the report.
“A standardized IT system could help a single-payer system coordinate patient care by implementing portable electronic medical records and reducing duplicated services,” the agency wrote.
4. How to structure payments to providers? Likely global budgets
Most existing single-payer systems use a global budget to pay providers, and may also apply in tandem other payment approaches such as capitation or bundled payments according to the report.
How these global budgets operate varies between countries. Canada’s hospitals operate under such a model, while Taiwan sets a national healthcare budget and then issues fee-for-service payments to individual providers. England also uses a national global budget.
Global budgets are rare in the U.S., though Maryland hospitals operate under an all-payer system. These models put more of the financial risk on providers to keep costs within the budget constraints.
Many international single-payer systems pay based on volume, but the CBO said value-based contracting could be built into any of these payment arrangements.
5. Premiums and cost-sharing are still in play, especially depending on tax structures
A government-run health system would, by its nature, need to be funded by tax dollars, but some countries with a single-payer system do charge premiums or other cost-sharing to offset some of those expenditures.
Canada and England operate on general tax revenues, while Taiwan and Denmark include other types of financing. Danes pay a dedicated, income tax to back the health system, while the Taiwanese have a payroll-based premium.
The type of tax considered would have different implications on financing, according to the CBO. A progressive tax rate, for instance, would impose higher levies on people with higher incomes, while a consumption tax, such as one added to cigarettes, would affect people more evenly.
Policymakers will also have to weigh when to impose new taxes, shifting the economic burden between generations.
The CBO did not offer any cost estimates in terms of the amount the federal government would need to raise in taxes to fund a single-payer program.
HENRY KOTULA 